Understanding Spherical Coordinates
Key Components
1. Coordinate Parameters
- Radius (r): Distance from origin
- Azimuthal angle (θ): Angle in xy-plane
- Polar angle (φ): Angle from z-axis
2. Applications
- Physics simulations
- 3D modeling
- Navigation systems
- Astronomy
Conversion Formulas
The conversion from spherical (r, θ, φ) to rectangular (x, y, z) coordinates:
- \[ x = r \sin(\phi) \cos(\theta) \]
- \[ y = r \sin(\phi) \sin(\theta) \]
- \[ z = r \cos(\phi) \]
Usage Tips
For accurate coordinate conversion:
- Ensure correct angle units (degrees/radians)
- Verify angle ranges (θ: 0-360°, φ: 0-180°)
- Keep radius non-negative
- Consider significant figures
- Check for proper quadrant