Understanding Darcy's Law
Key Components
1. Variables
- Q = Flow rate (m³/s)
- K = Hydraulic conductivity (m/s)
- A = Cross-sectional area (m²)
- i = Hydraulic gradient (m/m)
2. Applications
- Groundwater flow
- Soil permeability
- Filter design
- Aquifer analysis
Formula
Darcy's Law is expressed as:
\[ Q = -KA\frac{dh}{dL} = KAi \]
Where:
- \( Q \) is the flow rate
- \( K \) is the hydraulic conductivity
- \( A \) is the cross-sectional area
- \( i \) is the hydraulic gradient (\( \frac{dh}{dL} \))
Important Notes
Consider these factors when using Darcy's Law:
- Valid for laminar flow
- Assumes homogeneous medium
- Temperature affects fluid properties
- Requires consistent units
- Limited to saturated flow