Understanding Knitting Decreases
Types of Decreases
Decreases in knitting are techniques that reduce the number of stitches in your work. They're essential for shaping garments and creating various design elements. Here are the main types:
Single Decreases (Reduce by 1 stitch)
- k2tog (knit 2 together): Insert needle through 2 stitches and knit them as one. Creates a right-leaning decrease.
- ssk (slip, slip, knit): Slip 2 stitches knitwise, then knit them together through the back loops. Creates a left-leaning decrease.
- p2tog (purl 2 together): Purl 2 stitches together as one. Creates a right-leaning decrease on the knit side.
- ssp (slip, slip, purl): Slip 2 stitches knitwise, return to left needle, then purl together through back loops. Creates a left-leaning decrease on the knit side.
Double Decreases (Reduce by 2 stitches)
- k3tog (knit 3 together): Knit 3 stitches together as one. Creates a right-leaning double decrease.
- sssk (slip, slip, slip, knit): Slip 3 stitches knitwise, then knit them together through the back loops. Creates a left-leaning double decrease.
- CDD (centered double decrease): Slip 2 stitches together knitwise, knit 1, then pass the slipped stitches over. Creates a centered decrease.
Calculating Decrease Spacing
When working decreases over multiple rows, it's important to space them evenly for a professional finish. The basic formula is:
For example, if you're decreasing from 60 to 40 stitches over 30 rows using k2tog (single decrease):
- Total decreases needed: 60 - 40 = 20 stitches
- Since each k2tog removes 1 stitch, you need 20 decrease operations
- If you decrease every 3rd row, you'll work 10 decrease rows (30 ÷ 3 = 10)
- Each decrease row will need 2 decreases (20 ÷ 10 = 2)
Common Decrease Patterns
Sleeve Shaping
For sleeve shaping, decreases are typically worked at the beginning and end of the row. For example:
- Row 1: K1, k2tog, knit to last 3 sts, ssk, k1
- Row 2: Purl
- Row 3: Knit
- Row 4: Purl
- Repeat rows 1-4 until desired stitch count is reached
Hat Crown Shaping
For hat crowns, decreases are evenly spaced around the circumference. For example, for a hat with 80 stitches:
- Round 1: *K8, k2tog* repeat around (72 sts)
- Round 2: Knit
- Round 3: *K7, k2tog* repeat around (64 sts)
- Round 4: Knit
- Continue decreasing, working one less stitch between decreases each decrease round
Tips for Professional Results
- Matching Decreases: Use matching pairs of decreases (k2tog and ssk) for symmetrical shaping
- Stitch Markers: Place markers to indicate where decreases should occur
- Row Counters: Use a row counter to keep track of decrease rows
- Blocking: Block your finished piece to even out the stitches and improve the appearance of the decreases
- Tension: Maintain even tension when working decreases to avoid holes or tight spots